From
website
Ljungberg G1, Birkhed D.
- 1Department of Cariology, Faculty of Odontology, University of Göteborg, Sweden.
Blog di Servizio / Service Blog - Senza scopo di lucro - Copyright © Luca Martinelli
venerdì 24 giugno 2016
DENTAL CARIES IN PLAYERS BELONGING TO A SWEDISH SOCCER TEAM
giovedì 23 giugno 2016
SURVEY OF ORAL HEALTH CONDITION IN PROFESSIONAL SOCCER PLAYERS
From
Journal of Oral Science and Health
Masaki Suzuki1* and Hiroki Toyoda2*
1 Yasuragi Dental clinic, Yasuragi Medical Center 3rd floor, 1-21-16, Mukojuku, Chuo ward, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
2 Department of Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
Absrtact
In the present study, we have evaluated the oral health condition of 15 professional soccer players in Shizuoka. A questionnaire was undertaken before examining oral conditions. Subsequently, we evaluated the oral condition with reference to the DMF index that was obtained from decayed (D), missing (M) and filled (F) teeth. We found that the mean values of D, M and F teeth were 0.7 ± 1.4, 7.5 ± 5.1 and 0, respectively. The mean (±SD) DMF index in 15 soccer players was 8.2 ± 5.0. These results suggest that although the soccer players have been undergoing periodical dental screening and dental follow-up, their oral health conditions are not necessarily good. Because oral health is an important element to optimize players’ performance, providing dental care education to the player themselves as well as their staff could be necessary.
lunedì 20 giugno 2016
DENTAL INJURIES AMONG NORWEGIAN SOCCER PLAYERS.
From
Abstract
venerdì 17 giugno 2016
PREVALENCE OF DENTAL TRAUMA AND MOUTHGUARD AWARENESS AMONG WEEKEND WARRIOR SOCCER PLAYERS
FROM: Journal of Oral Science, Vol. 57, No. 3, 191-194, 2015
Free download to: http://jos.dent.nihon-u.ac.jp/journal/57/3/P191-P194.pdf
Erhan Dursun1), Yagmur D. Ilarslan1), Ozkan Ozgul2), and Gurhan Donmez3)
1)Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
2)Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ufuk University, Ankara, Turkey
3)Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
Abstract:
Traumatic dental and facial injuries are
frequent in sports and often cause esthetic, functional,
psychological, and economic problems. The term
“weekend warrior” is used to describe people who
participate in physically demanding activities only on
the weekend, or part-time. In this prospective cohort
study, we examined the prevalence of dental trauma
and knowledge of traumatic dental injuries among
weekend warriors in Ankara, Turkey. A detailed
questionnaire on mouthguard awareness and knowledge
and experience of dental trauma was distributed
to 1,007 weekend warrior athletes participating in
a soccer tournament. The results showed that 9.8%
of participants had experienced orofacial trauma,
21.7% were aware of mouthguards, 2.9% reported
using mouthguards, 15.4% were aware of the field of
sports dentistry, and 19.6% were aware of emergency
treatment for dental trauma. Participation in sports,
especially contact sports, greatly increases the risk of
dental injury. The present results show that knowledge
of traumatic orofacial and dental injuries is limited
among weekend warriors. Public health authorities
should develop relevant educational programs,
including broad dissemination of information on the
risks of traumatic dental injuries and methods for
protection against such injuries.
(J Oral Sci 57, 191-194, 2015).
giovedì 16 giugno 2016
SURVEY ON THE OCCURRENCE OF DENTAL TRAUMA AND PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES AMONG BRAZILIAN PROFESSIONAL SOCCER PLAYERS
From
website
(Journal of Applied Oral Science)
Marcos Britto CORREA,1 Helena Silveira SCHUCH,2 Kauê COLLARES,2 Dione Dias TORRIANI,3 Pedro Curi HALLAL,4and Flavio Fernando DEMARCO5
mercoledì 15 giugno 2016
PRO SOCCER PLAYERS SHOW POOR ORAL HEALTH
From
Website
Professional soccer players may
have tremendous athletic talents. But their oral health tends to be poor,
according to a coalition of researchers in the United Kingdom. And this poor
oral health could lead to poor performance on the field and personal well-being
off the field.
During the study, 6 dentists
examined 187 players who represented greater than 90% of their senior squads,
including 5 Premier League teams, 2 Championship teams, and a League One team.
The exams were carried out at club training facilities using standard methods
and outcomes. The researchers also collected questionnaire data.
domenica 12 giugno 2016
HISTORY OF DENTISTRY TIMELINE
From
website
HISTORY OF DENTISTRY TIMELINE
·
Ancient Origins
5000 BC-201
5000 BC
A Sumerian
text of this date describes “tooth worms” as the cause of
dental decay.
2600 BC
Death
of Hesy-Re, an Egyptian scribe, often called the first
“dentist.” An inscription on his tomb includes the title “the greatest of those
who deal with teeth, and of physicians.” This is the earliest known reference
to a person identified as a dental practitioner.
1700-1550 BC
An
Egyptian text, the Ebers Papyrus, refers to diseases of the teeth
and various toothache remedies.
500-300 BC
Hippocrates and Aristotle write
about dentistry, including the eruption pattern of teeth, treating
decayed teeth and gum disease, extracting teeth with forceps, and using
wires to stabilize loose teeth and fractured jaws.
100 BC
Celsus, a Roman medical writer, writes
extensively in his important compendium of medicine on oral
hygiene, stabilization of loose teeth, and treatments for toothache,
teething pain, and jaw fractures.
166-201 AD
The Etruscans practice
dental prosthetics using gold crowns and fixed bridgework.
·
The Beginnings of a Profession - Middle Ages
500-1575
700
A
medical text in China mentions the use of “silver paste,” a
type of amalgam.
1210
A Guild
of Barbers is established in France. Barbers eventually evolve into
two groups: surgeons who were educated and trained to perform complex
surgical operations; and lay barbers, or barber-surgeons, who performed
more routine hygienic services including shaving, bleeding and tooth
extraction.
1400
A
series of royal decrees in France prohibitlay barbers from
practicing all surgical procedures except bleeding, cupping, leeching, and
extracting teeth.
1530
The Little
Medicinal Book for All Kinds of Diseases and Infirmities of the Teeth(Artzney
Buchlein), the first book devoted entirely to dentistry, is published in
Germany. Written for barbers and surgeons who treat the mouth, it covers
practical topics such as oral hygiene, tooth extraction, drilling teeth, and
placement of gold fillings.
1575
In
France Ambrose Pare, known as the Father of Surgery, publishes
his Complete Works. This includes practical information about
dentistry such as tooth extraction and the treatment of tooth decay and jaw
fractures.
·
The Development of a Profession - 18th Century
1723-1790
1723
Pierre
Fauchard, a French surgeon
publishes The Surgeon Dentist, A Treatise on Teeth (Le Chirurgien Dentiste).
Fauchard is credited as being the Father of Modern Dentistry because his book
was the first to describe a comprehensive system for the practice of dentistry
including basic oral anatomy and function, operative and restorative
techniques, and denture construction.
1746
Claude
Mouton describes a
gold crown and post to be retained in the root canal. He also recommends
white enameling for gold crowns for a more esthetic appearance.
1760
John
Baker, the earliest
medically-trained dentist to practice in America, immigrates from England and
sets up practice.
1760-1780
Isaac
Greenwood practices as
the first native-born American dentist.
1768-1770
Paul
Revere places
advertisements in a Boston newspaper offering his services as a dentist. In
1776, in the first known case of post-mortem dental forensics, Revere
verifies the death of his friend, Dr. Joseph Warren in the Battle of
Breed’s Hill, when he identifies the bridge that he constructed for Warren.
1789
Frenchman Nicolas
Dubois de Chemantreceives the first patent for porcelain teeth.
1790
John Greenwood, son of Isaac Greenwood and one of George
Washington’s dentists, constructs the first known dental foot engine.
He adapts his mother’s foot treadle spinning wheel to rotate a drill.
Josiah Flagg, a prominent American dentist, constructs the first
chair made specifically for dental patients. To a wooden Windsor chair, Flagg
attaches an adjustable headrest, plus an arm extension to hold instruments.
·
Advances in Science and Education - 19th Century
1801-1899
1801
Richard
C. Skinner writes
the Treatise on the Human Teeth, the first dental book published in
America.
1825
Samuel
Stockton begins
commercial manufacture of porcelain teeth. His S.S.White Dental
Manufacturing Companyestablishes and dominates the dental supply
market throughout the 19th century.
1832
James
Snell invents the
first reclining dental chair.
1833-1850
The Crawcours (two
brothers from France) introduce amalgam filling material in the United States
under the name Royal Mineral Succedaneum. The brothers are
charlatans whose unscrupulous methods spark the “amalgam wars,” a
bitter controversy within the dental profession over the use of amalgam
fillings.
1839
The American Journal of Dental Science,
the world’s first dental journal, begins publication.
Charles Goodyear invents the vulcanization process for
hardening rubber. The resultingVulcanite, an inexpensive material easily
molded to the mouth, makes a excellent base for false teeth, and is soon
adopted for use by dentists. In 1864 the molding process for vulcanite dentures
is patented, but the dental profession fights the onerous licensing fees for
the next twenty-five years.
1840
Horace Hayden and Chapin Harris found the
world’s first dental school, the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, and
establish the Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS) degree. (The school merges with
the University of Maryland in 1923).
The American Society of Dental Surgeons, the
world’s first national dental organization, is founded. (The organization
dissolves in 1856.)
1841
Alabama
enacts the first dental practice act, regulating dentistry in the
United States. The act called for the assignment of a dentist to the state’s
medical board in order to grant licenses for practicing dentistry in the state,
however, the act was never enforced, few dentists are ever assigned a seat on
the medical board and only a couple of dental licenses are ever granted during
the forty years it was on the books.
1846
Dentist William
Morton conducts the first successful public demonstration of the use
of ether anesthesia for surgery. The previous year Horace
Wells, also a dentist, had conducted a similar demonstration that was
regarded a failure when the patient cried out. Crawford Long,
a physician, later claims he used ether as an anesthetic in an operation
as early as 1842, but he did not publish his work.
1855
Robert
Arthur originates
the cohesive gold foil method allowing dentists to insert gold
into a cavity with minimal pressure. The foil is fabricated by annealing, a
process of passing gold through a flame making it soft and malleable.
1859
Twenty-six
dentists meet in Niagara Falls, New York, and form the American Dental
Association.
1864
Sanford
C. Barnum develops the rubber
dam, a piece of elastic rubber fitted over a tooth by means of weights.
This simple device isolates the tooth from the oral cavity, a troublesome
problem for dentists.
1866
Lucy
Beaman Hobbs graduates
from the Ohio College of Dental Surgery, becoming the first woman to earn a
dental degree.
1867
The Harvard
University Dental School, the first university-affiliated dental
institution, is founded. The school calls its degree the Dentariae Medicinae
Doctorae (DMD), creating a continuing semantic controversy (DDS vs.
DMD).
1869
Dr. Robert
Tanner Freeman, graduating from Harvard University Dental School, becomes
the first African-American to earn a dental degree.
1871
James B. Morrison patents the first commercially manufactured
foot-treadle dental engine. Morrison’s inexpensive, mechanized tool supplies
dental burs with enough speed to cut enamel and dentin smoothly and quickly,
revolutionizing the practice of dentistry.
The American George F. Green receives
a patent for the first electric dental engine, a self-contained motor and
handpiece.
1877
The Wilkerson
chair, the first pump-type hydraulic dental chair, is introduced.
1880s
The
collapsible metal tube revolutionizes toothpaste manufacturing and marketing.
Dentifrice had been available only in liquid or powder form, usually made by
individual dentists, and sold in bottles, porcelain pots, or paper boxes. Tube
toothpaste, in contrast, is mass-produced in factories, mass-marketed, and
sold nation-wide. In twenty years, it becomes the norm.
1883
The National
Association of Dental Examiners is founded by the members of the
dental boards of several states in order to establish uniform standards in the
qualifications for dental practitioners, the administration of dental boards
overseeing licensing and the legislation of dental practice acts.
1885
The
first female dental assistant is employed by C. Edmond
Kells, a prominent New Orleans dentist. Her duties include chair-side assistance,
instrument cleaning, inventory, appointments, bookkeeping, and reception. Soon
“Lady in Attendance” signs are routinely seen in the windows of 19th century
dental offices. The American Dental Assistants Association is
founded in 1924 by Juliette Southard and her female
colleagues.
1887
Stowe
& Eddy Dental Laboratory, the first successful industrial-type laboratory in
the U.S., opens in Boston, marking the ascendancy of the modern commercial
dental laboratory. The earliest known dental laboratory in the U.S. was Sutton
& Raynor which opened in New York City around 1854.
1890
Ida Gray, the first African-Americanwoman to earn
a dental degree, graduates from the University of Michigan School of Dentistry.
Willoughby Miller an American dentist in Germany, notes the microbial
basis of dental decay in his book Micro-Organisms of the Human Mouth.
This generates an unprecedented interest in oral hygiene and starts a
world-wide movement to promote regular toothbrushing and flossing.
1895
Wilhelm
Roentgen, a German
physicist, discovers the x-ray. In 1896 prominent New Orleans dentist C.
Edmond Kells takes the first dental x-ray of a living person in the
U.S.
1899
Edward
Hartley Angle classifies
the various forms of malocclusion. Credited with making
orthodontics into a dental specialty, Angle also establishes the first school
of orthodontics (Angle School of Orthodontia in St. Louis, 1900), the first
orthodontic society (American Society of Orthodontia, 1901), and the first
dental specialty journal (American Orthodontist, 1907)
·
Innovations in Techniques and Technology - The 20th
Century
1903-1998
1903
Charles
Land devises the
porcelain jacket crown.
1905
Alfred
Einhorn, a German chemist,
formulates the local anesthetic procain, later marketed under the trade nameNovocain.
1907
William
Taggart invents a
“lost wax”casting machine, allowing dentists to make precision cast
fillings.
1908
Greene
Vardiman Black,
the leading reformer and educator of American dentistry, publishes his
monumental two-volume treatise Operative Dentistry, which remains the essential
clinical dental text for fifty years. Black later develops techniques for
filling teeth, standardizes operative procedures and instrumentation, develops
an improved amalgam, and pioneers the use of visual aids for teaching
dentistry.
1910
The
first formal training program for dental nurses is established at the Ohio
College of Dental Surgery by Cyrus M. Wright. The program is
discontinued in 1914 mainly due to opposition by Ohio dentists.
1911
The U.S.
Army Dental Corps is established as the first armed services dental
corps in the U.S. The Navy institutes its Dental Corps in 1912.
1913
Alfred
C. Fones opens the
Fones Clinic For Dental Hygienists in Bridgeport, Connecticut, the world’s
first oral hygiene school. Most of the twenty-seven women graduates of the
first class are employed by the Bridgeport Board of Education to clean the
teeth of school children. The greatly reduced incidence of caries among these
children gives impetus to the dental hygienist movement. Dr. Fones, first to
use the term “dental hygienist,” becomes known as the Father of Dental
Hygiene.
1917
Irene
Newman receives the
world’s firstdental hygiene license in Connecticut.
1930
The American
Board of Orthodontics, the world’s first dental specialty board, is
founded.
1937
Alvin
Strock inserts the
first Vitallium dentalscrew implant. Vitallium, the first successful
biocompatible implant metal, had been developed a year earlier by Charles
Venable, an orthopedic surgeon.
1938
The nylon
toothbrush, the first made with synthetic bristles, appears on the market.
1945
The water
fluoridation era begins when the cities of Newburgh, New York, and
Grand Rapids, Michigan, add sodium fluoride to their public water systems.
1948
President Harry
S. Truman signs the Congressional bill formally establishing theNational
Institute of Dental Research and initiating federal funding for dental
research. Dr. H. Trendley Dean is appointed its first director. The Institute
is renamed the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research in 1998.
1949
Oskar
Hagger, a Swiss
chemist, develops the first system of bonding acrylic resin to
dentin.
1950
The
first fluoride toothpastes are marketed.
1955
Michael
Buonocore describes the
acid etch technique, a simple method of increasing the adhesion of acrylic
fillings to enamel.
1957
John
Borden introduces a
high-speed air-driven contra-angle handpiece. The Airotor obtains speeds up to
300,000 rotations per minute and is an immediate commercial success, launching
a new era of high-speed dentistry.
1958
A fully
reclining dental chair is introduced.
1960
Sit down, four-handed dentistry
becomes popular in the U.S. This technique improves productivity and shortens
treatment time.
Lasers are developed and approved for soft tissue work,
such as treatment of periodontal disease.
The first commercial electric toothbrush, developed
in Switzerland after World War II, is introduced in the United States. A
cordless, rechargeable model follows in 1961.
1962
Rafael
Bowen develops
Bis-GMA, the thermoset resin complex used in most modern composite
resin restorative materials.
1980
Per-Ingvar
Branemark describes
techniques for the osseointegration of dental implants.
1989
The
first commercial home tooth bleaching product is marketed.
1990
New
tooth-colored restorative materials plus increased usage of bleaching, veneers,
and implants inaugurate an era of esthetic dentistry.
1997
FDA
approves the erbium YAG laser, the first for use on dentin, to treat tooth
decay.
1998
The
National Institute of Dental Research is renamed National Institute of
Dental and Craniofacial Research to more accurately reflect the broad
research base that it has come to support.
giovedì 9 giugno 2016
GNATOLOGIA E POSTURA: IL PUNTO DELLA SITUAZIONE
17 e 18 giugno
Hotel Nedy Marina di Massa
Obbiettivi
dell’incontro:
Conoscere la fisiologia e i presupposti scientifici
per cogliere nuove opportunità
da applicare nella pratica quotidiana, imparare a
fare una corretta diagnosi
gnatologica e posturale, confrontare le diverse
tecniche gnatologiche.
RELATORI
Prof. Marcello
Brunelli
Professore Ordinario FR di Fisiologia Generale e
Neurobiologia Università di Pisa, dove è stato Direttore dell’Istituto di
Fisiologia. Direttore del Corso di Dottorato di Ricerca in Neuroscienze Base e
dello Sviluppo Università di Pisa. Coordinatore di progetti di ricerca
internazionali nell’ambito delle Neuroscienze.Autore di circa 200 pubblicazioni
scientifiche su riviste nazionali e internazionali.
Dott. M. Caleo
Dirigente di Ricerca dell’Istituto di Neuroscienze di Pisa
Nato nel 1970 a La Spezia, si è laureato in Scienze biologiche all'Università di Pisa-Scuola normale superiore e ha ottenuto il perfezionamento in Neurobiologia presso la Scuola normale superiore. Ricercatore dell’Istituto di Neuroscienze, è stato un allievo del Professor Maffei, che, come ricorda, “era per molti un vero Maestro”; dopo la tesi ha conseguito, all’interno dell’Istituto, il dottorato e il post dottorato e oggi lavora nei laboratori dell’Area della Ricerca di Pisa. L’obiettivo principale dei suoi studi è quello di caratterizzare le modificazioni plastiche delle connessioni neuronali che avvengono durante lo sviluppo e le patologie del sistema nervoso centrale. Ha acquisito una grande esperienza nei processi di sviluppo esperienza-dipendente e nella plasticità del sistema visivo dei roditori e ha ampliato la gamma di argomenti e tecniche per includere studi sulle diverse condizioni patologiche cerebrali (ictus, tumori cerebrali, epilessia). “La nostra ricerca si basa sulla combinazione di diversi approcci elettrofisiologici (registrazioni da singole unità, di potenziali di campo locali e EEG), neuroanatomici, comportamentali e neurochimici in vivo”.
Dott. Daniele
Tonlorenzi
Dott. Guido De
Vincentiis
Odontoiatra.
Responsabile sezione Odontoiatri Associazione Nazionale di Posturologia
Integrata. Perfezionato in “Utilizzo dell’Ozono in Odontostomatologia”
Università degli studi di Firenze. Master in “Terapie multidisciplinari delle
patologie temporo-mandibolari, occlusali e posturali” Università Federico II di
NAPOLIPerfezionato in “Odontostomatologia dello Sport “- Universita’ di CHIETI. Socio
ordinario A.I.S.O.P. (2008- 2011) e S.I.O.S. (Società Italiana di
Odontostomatologia sportiva).
Dr. Cinzia Zelbi
Da oltre 23 anni esercita la professione
odontoiatrica. Sempre alla ricerca di sistemi, protocolli per realizzare il
“sistema integrato dell’occlusione”, ha percorso strade formative
(universitarie e non) diverse quali: Kinesiografia sec Jankelson
(93-94),Kinesiologia applicata, Osteopatica craniosacrale, Elettromiografia
(prof Ferrario),protocolli clinici secondo il dr. U Pasqualini e , da qualche
anno, seguendo il metodo del prof A. Alonso (protocollo DATO) di riabilitazione
Occluso-funzionale del quale è stata docente in numerosi congressi.
Optometrista Angelo Pagani
Optometrista Augusto Maggiani
Diplomato in chimica ha lavorato in una industria
alimentare. Diplomato in ottica e in Optometria (1994) ha seguito il corso di
Optometria Comportamentale con Vittorio Roncagli e il SUNY. Collabora con
medici e gnatoligi.
Max Strazzer
Tecnico di posturometria con diploma di perfezionamente all'Università di Verona;
Direttore sportivo CONI UCI;
Titolare del "Centro Studi Sportivi Strazzer";
Ex ciclista professionista su strada e pista ( vedi Wikipedia ).
Attività:
Collaborazione con Università Roma TRE - Bio ingegneria, collaborazione creazione sistema IPed ( ergometro su pedali ).
Collaborazione e lavoro Centro Atlante ( centro riabilitazione AC Chievo ).
Creazione METODO STRAZZER :
- analisi pressione sellino ( pressione perineale e assetto Bike ), scelta sellino più idoneo e team di lavoro con fisioterapisti, urologi, preparatori.
- analisi plantare in dinamica ( analisi carichi e forze con proprie calzature senza vincoli e movimento ), per verifica plantari, in post operatorio, traumatico, procedure di riabilitazione e controllo posturale ( verifica altezza protesi in amputati e analisi carichi.
Usato per molti sport: running ( scelta della scarpa migliore ), wolley , tennis,calcio, golf,ciclismo,basket ecc...
Creazione piani di lavoro in ambiente multidisciplinare ( Optometria - Pediatria - Fisiatria - Ortopedia - Fisioterapia - Neurologia - Riabilitazione - esercizi di biofeedback e comparativa tra stabilometria e dinamica ).
Nello sport creazione di programmi di allenamento per ciclisti- triathleti.
Programma
Venerdì 17 giugno Marina di Massa
ore 9.00- 10.00 Stimolazione del
riflesso trigemino cardiaco una grande opportunità
in odontoiatria.
Prof. M. Brunelli
ore 10,00-11,00 Organizzazione
corticale del sistema visivo e modifiche plastiche dopo malattia.
Dott. M. Caleo
ore 11,00-11,20 coffee break
11,20- 12,20 Malocclusione e
disordine temporomandibolare, sintomi, segni, diagnosi. Dr Cinzia Zelbi
12,20- 13.00 tavola rotonda.
ore 13,00- 14,30 pranzo
14,30- 15,30
Dr Daniele Tonlorenzi
15, 30- 16,00 Stress, meccanismi
del dolore e cronicizzazione. Dr D. Tonlorenzi.
16,00- 16.40 Valutazione del
sistema oculomotorio. Optometrista Angelo Pagani
16,40- 17,00 coffee break
17,00- 17,30 Scuole gnatologiche
a confronto la mia esperienza. Dr Cinzia Zelbi
17,30- 18,10 Dr. Ines Pineda la
mia esperienza.
18.10-19.00 Discussione.
Sabato 18 giugno ore 9.00
Ore 9,00- 9.30 Il riflesso trigeminovagale (o
trigeminocardiaco) negli atleti.
Dr. Daniele Tonlorenzi.
9,30 -10.00 Educazione visiva ed apprendimento.
Opt. Augusto Maggiani
10,00- 11,00 Mouthguarde o bite? Il punto della
situazione. Dr. Guido de Vincentis
11,00- 11,20 coffee break
12,00-13.00 La nostra esperienza di tecnici di posturometria. Partecipano i tecnici di posturometria presenti.
Per iscrizione:
Dott. Daniele Tonlorenzi tel 0585 53075
drtonlorenzi@gmail.com
Costo corso:
euro 150,00 più 50 euro spese coffee
break e pasto.
per chi pernotta in hotel camera doppia uso singolo
arrivo giovedì sera pernottamento,
colazione, coffee break e pranzo, pernottamento del
venerdì, colazione
del sabato mattina 145,00 euro.
Luogo del corso:
Hotel Nedy http://www.hotelnedy.it/
Indirizzo:
Via del Fescione, 128, 54100
Massa MS Telefono: 0585
807011
Cena conviviale del venerdì:
35,00 euro.
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